Abstract:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic disorder that increases risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and it occurs during pregnancy and its incidence has been steadily rising all over the world. GDM prevalence in the United States (U.S.) was 4.6% in 2010. In India it increased from 1% to 16% from 1998-2004. A study done in Malaysia showed that GDM is increasing and the prevalence was 18.3% in 2009. GDM is one of the most common complications with short term and long term effects for the fetus and the mother. The objective of the study was to identify the determinants of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among pregnant women in one of the hospitals in Malaysia.
Methodology
The sample consists of 112 cases and 112 case-control from 224 participants who delivered at Tuanku Ja’afar Hospital in Seremban. The data were collected from the record book in the labour room. The data were collected from the patients with strict confidentiality.
Results
The results of the research undertaken shows the proportion of GDM is 12%. Risk factors include age, high risk race group (Indians), maternal history of DM, family history of DM, obesity pre-pregnancy, BMI during delivery, infertility treatment, menstrual history, parity, gravida, previous history of GDM, previous history of caesarean section were all associated with GDM.
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Conclusion: The determinants of GDM identified in this study from the multivariate analysis were age, family history of diabetes and menstrual history. The predicted probability was 80.5%. The findings from this study suggest the need for preventive measures by policy makers and health promoters.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Determinants, Multivariate, Diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy.
